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Sal-Free^TM Supplements

Sal-free^TM Cosmetics
 

Other Sal-Free^TM (Salicylate Free) Topics of Interest

Sal-Free^TM (Salicylate Free) Supplements for Blood Sugar Control

CardioChek Cholesterol Monitoring System (Monitor only)

Salicylate Intolerance, sensitivity and allergy information and links
 

Buy factory direct. Complete selection of Fitness Equipment from Elliptical Trainers to Treadmills.

Implications of statin adverse effects in the elderly


Know Your Fats : The Complete Primer for Understanding the Nutrition of Fats, Oils and Cholesterol

Low Carbohydrate, Low Fat Cookbooks.


Low Cholesterol Gourmet

Betty Crocker Low-Cholesterol COOKBOOK

NutriGenie Fat, Cholesterol, Sodium Counter for Windows


Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution : Nature's Answer to Drugs


PDR for Nutritional Supplements



The PDR Family Guide to Nutritional Supplements : An Authoritative A-to-Z  

The Magazine - Pdr For Nutritional Supplements

ConsumerLab.com - independent tests of herbal, vitamin, and mineral supplements

 Building Wellness With DMG - Kendall, (BOOKS & TAPES)

Cholesterol, Triglycerides  and Heart Support

Elevated cholesterol levels in the blood are linked with heart attacks and strokes.  High triglyceride levels are associated with a higher risk for heart disease and stroke and is linked to coronary artery disease.

Cholesterol and triglycerides are fats (lipids).  The two main types of cholesterol are low density lipoproteins (bad cholesterol) and high density lipoproteins (good cholesterol).  If you are trying to improve your cholesterol levels, you generally want to increase your HDL and lower your LDL.  The relative amount of LDL to HDL is considered to be more important than total cholesterol. Read this National Institute of Health Publication for more information about cholesterol measurements  or check with your doctor.
NHLBI, High Blood Cholesterol: What You Need to Know 

Some claim that several of the cholesterol lowering drugs are associated with an increase in non-cardiovascular mortality.  They are toxic to the liver and are highly carcinogenic (cancer-causing).   In addition, they often have intolerable side effects.

An enzyme, (HMGCoA) controls the production of cholesterol in your liver. The Statin drugs (cholesterol controlling medications) control cholesterol by inhibiting the enzyme (HMGCoA). Along with lowering cholesterol, numerous studies have shown that Statins also lower the level of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in the blood. ²².

CoQ10 is needed in every cell of the body for energy production.  One possible reason for some of the side effects of cholesterol lowering drugs could be that they significantly reduce the production of CoQ10.  More studies are needed to determine if CoQ10 supplementation could prevent the adverse effects of statin therapy.²² Since CoQ10 is considered  a safe supplement, those who must continue with Statin drug therapy might consider supplementing with CoQ10.

As previously mentioned, Statin drugs control cholesterol by inhibiting the eznyme (HMGCoA).  The two main hormones that control the release of the enzyme (HMGCoA) are glucagon and insulin.  Glucagon inhibits the enzyme, and insulin activates it, therefore one possible way to control cholesterol is to lower cholesterol production by increasing glucagon and decreasing insulin. 

Dietary changes and supplementation can be helpful in increasing glucagon and decreasing insulin.  The key is to keep your blood sugars stable.  You will need to limit refined sugars and meals high in processed carbohydrates because carbohydrates and sugar can cause excess insulin production and the goal is to decrease any excess insulin production.  Glucagon, when present in your blood stream lowers insulin.   Glucagon is released every time you eat lean protein so it is important to eat lean protein at every single meal.

According to some studies, Insulin resistance and leptin resistance have been strongly associated with heart disease.,  therefore, supplements that stabilize blood sugar should be considered as well as dietary changes, particularly if you have any blood sugar disorders like diabetes or hypoglycemia.  For a list of supplements that lower blood sugar, please see

Supplements for Blood Sugar Control

Elevations in cholesterol levels may be the result of low thyroid function so you should have your thyroid tested by your doctor if you have high cholesterol.

Following are a list of supplements that will be helpful in managing your cholesterol and triglycerides. 

For those concerned with salicylates, salicylate free supplements are marked with the *Sal-Free trademarked name however you must be careful to check all product ingredients to ensure that none of them contain salicylates.

Search for Sal-FreeTM supplements in our database of pre-screened products

Alfalfa
Note:  Not Sal-Free^TM
Alfalfa leaves contain saponins.  Saponins are known to block absorption of cholesterol and prevent the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.

Artichoke (Cynara scolymus)
Note:  Not Sal-Free^TM
Peninsula Medical School at the Universities of Exeter and Plymouth in the UK conducted a review of the clinical evidence for herbal products in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. They concluded that Artichoke (along with others) have potential hypocholesterolemic activity and an encouraging safety profile but that further study was needed to establish their value in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. ²⁸

Beta Glucan
*Sal-Free^TM
**For those following the strict salicylate rulings of Dr. St. Amand, please check with him about his ruling for this ingredient.
Beta glucan is a fiber found in the cell walls of baker's yeast and from fiber in oats, barley and wheat.  Clinical trials have shown that beta-glucan can reduce total and LDL cholesterol.²⁹

Other benefits:
Immune system stimulator
Anti-Tumor
Anti-Microbial


Beta Sitosterol
*Sal-Free^TM
**For those following the strict salicylate rulings of Dr. St. Amand, please check with him about his ruling for this ingredient.
Beta Sitosterol is a single chemical (check here to see how to check for the salicylate status of a single chemical) that is extracted from plants, much in the same way that vitamins are extracted from plants.  It is a plant sterol that has cholesterol-lowering activity. 

It has a well documented history of lowering cholesterol by it's ability to block the absorption of cholesterol.  It appears that 200 mg to 250 mg taken with meals, 3X per day is sufficient to lower cholesterol.

PDR for Nutritional supplements on Beta-Sitosterol

Warnings:
Do not use Plant Sterols and Stanols if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or if you have sitosterolemia.
Side effects:
Possible gastrointestinal upset.

Calcium
*Sal-Free^TM
One study concluded that calcium carbonate was "a modestly effective and well-tolerated adjunct to diet in the management of mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia."¹⁵

Several studies show that supplementing with calcium reduces cholesterol levels. Calcium may prevent fat absorption by binding it. Suggested supplemental levels are 800-1,000 mg per day.

Chitosan
*Sal-Free^TM
Chitosan is a fiber that is derived from the shells of crustaceans like crab and lobster.  Chitosan may bind to fat in the intestine, blocking  absorption. 

There is some evidence that chitosan has a beneficial effect on blood lipids.^{8, 19}

Also, see The PDR for Nutritional Supplements on Chitosan

Other studies have found that chitosan yielded no statistically significant benefit for blood lipids or weight loss.  ^20. 

More studies are needed as the evidence that does exist is conflicting.

Since the evidence is conflicting, one might be advised to use another, more proven method of dealing with blood lipids.

Chromium
*Sal-Free^TM
Chromium, a mineral, is an essential nutrient that is involved in carbohydrate and fat metabolism.  Several studies have determined that the dietary supplement, chromium picolinate lowers LDL¹⁷ cholesterol and triglycerides and increases HDL¹⁸ (the good cholesterol).

One study of elderly, type 2 diabetics noted a decrease in total cholesterol and triglycerides.  Along with standard treatment for diabetes, the study group received 200 micrograms of chromium twice a day for a three-week period.  At the end of 3 weeks, total cholesterol was reduced from 235 mg/dl to 213 mg/dl and triglycerides went from 152 mg/dL vs 136 mg/dL ¹⁸

For comprehensive information about chromium, including the best forms of chromium to use for supplementation read All About Chromium


Other Benefits
Diabetes
Athletic performance
weight loss and obesity

Cod Liver Oil
*Sal-Free^TM
Cod liver oil is helpful in lowering triglyceride levels because it has high Omega-3 fatty acids.  For more information read about Fish Oils.

Warning:
Cod liver oil is very high in Vitamin A so one must be careful not to get toxic levels of vitamin A.  Fish oil increases LDL (the bad form of cholesterol) in some people.  After taking fish oil for awhile, have your doctor check to see if it has increased your LDL.  Elevations in blood sugar  levels may occur.

You may need to take vitamin E to protect the oil from oxidative damage to your body. ¹³

DMG (Dimethylglycine)
*Sal-Free^TM
Dimethylglycine is a derivative of glycine, an amino acid.  It is a building block for many substances like methionine, choline, numerous hormones, neurotransmitters, and DNA. It helps to maintain normal cholesterol levels.

Other benefits:
Brain and memory function
Energy
Athletic endurance
Autism Therapy
Antioxidant
Immune system support


Fenugreek
Note:  Not Sal-Free^TM
Peninsula Medical School at the Universities of Exeter and Plymouth in the UK conducted a review of the clinical evidence for herbal products in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.  They concluded that Fenugreek (along with others) have  potential hypocholesterolemic activity and an encouraging safety profile but that further study was needed to establish their value in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.²⁸

Fo-ti Root
Note:  Not Sal-Free^TM
Has been shown to lower cholesterol levels in animal and human studies as well as to decrease hardening of the arteries.

Garlic
Note:  Not Sal-Free^TM
Numerous human studies have been shown to lower lower serum triglycerides levels.    These studies report that over a period of one to four months, galic supplements reduce triglyceride levels by 8-27%.

Fish Oils
*Sal-Free^TM
Fish oil is beneficial due to high levels of Omega-3 fatty acids.  Omega-3 is high in two important fatty acids, DHA (docoxahexaenoic acid) and EPA. (eicosapentaenoic acid).

Fish Oil has been shown to lower triglycerides in many studies at about 3,000 mg per day of Omega-3 fatty acid.  In order to get the number of Omega-3 fatty acids needed you would add up the DHA and EPA, shown on the label.  Don't be confused by the mg value on the capsule because that is the mg of fish oil NOT the needed Omega-3 fatty acids.  You may need to take up to 15/1,000 mg capsules per day to get 3,000 mg of Omega-3.

You can buy some brands that offer high EPA/DHA and cut down on the number of pills needed. Those brands will usually indicate something on the label such as "high potency".

Warning:
Fish oil increases LDL (the bad form of cholesterol) in some people.  After taking fish oil for awhile, have your doctor check to see if it has increased your LDL.  Elevations in blood sugar  levels may occur.

You may need to take vitamin E to protect the oil from oxidative damage to your body. ¹³

Possible Side Effects
Fish oil reduces blood clotting so you may notice nose bleeds.  Some who supplement with several grams per day will have gastrointestinal upset and/or may burp up a "fishy" smell.

If you are diabetic, please see the information here:
Effect of Fish Oil on blood sugars

Other benefits - may be helpful for:
Angina
Bi-Polar disorder
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Depression
Diabetes
Dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation)
Epilepsy (given in combination with EPA)
High blood pressure
High triglycerides (see Cholesterol)
IgA nephropathy
Inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease)
Lupus
Migraine headaches
Menstrual cramps
Osteoarthritis
Osteoporosis
Peroxisomal disorders
Psoriasis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Schizophrenia

Preliminary evidence suggests fish oil may be helpful for:
Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)
Borderline Personality Disorder
Dyslexia
Cognitive Impairment
Asthma
Raynaud's phenomenon (abnormal sensitivity of hands and feet to cold)
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Cystic fibrosis
Reducing the risk of prostate cancer
preventing weight loss during cancer chemotherapy
DHA is important for normal development and functioning of the brain and retina in the fetus and in infants and may also reduce the risk of premature delivery in pregnant women.

Guggul
Note:  Not Sal-Free^TM
Guggel is a mixture of ketonic steroids from the gum oleoresin of  Commiphora mukul.  It is an approved treatment in India for high triglycerides and has been shown in a study to reduce triglycerides by as much as 30%.

Inositol Hexanicotinate
*Sal-Free^TM
Inositol Hexanicotinate is a form of niacin.  it gives all the benefits of niacin without the negative effects.  Please see niacin.

L-Carnitine
*Sal-Free^TM
Carnitine is an amino acid.  It is a vitamin like substance related to the B vitamins. It is usually considered to be an amino acid because it has a chemical structure similar to that of an amino acid.  Canitine is considered to be a lipotropic agent (a nutritional compound that promotes the flow of fat to and from the liver).  .L-Carnitine has been shown to be beneficial to cholesterol and triglyceride levels.   It has also been shown to overcome the negative effects that elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels have on immune function.

For further details click on the link below:
All about L-Carnitine


Lecithin
*Sal-Free^TM
see Phosphatidyl Choline


Niacin
*Sal-Free^TM
Nicotinic acid also known as Niacin is vitamin B3.  Whether you need salicylate free products or not, this is one of the most beneficial agents for blood lipids.  Many alternative health care professionals consider niacin to be their first line of treatment. 

Until recently niacin was not used extensively to lower cholesterol however with the new knowledge that lower doses are effective and with new products that don't cause the typical niacin flushing side effect, it is once again a viable option. 

Niacin forces LDL (the bad cholesterol) to drop anywhere from 10-25%.  It also raises HDL (the good cholesterol). Low HDL is a strong indicater of a risk for Coronary Heart Disease.¹.

According to the Coronary Drug Project, niacin was found to lower the death rate.

Fifteen year mortality in Coronary Drug Project patients:  long term benefit with niacin

In the book "Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution, Nature's Answer to Drugs", Dr. Atkins states that Niacin is safe if used properly.  He suggests that a beneficial dose of niacin is 1,000 mg per day.  He recommends that one start with 100 mg per day and work your way up to 1,000.  Dr. Atkins prefers using inositol hexanicotinate, a form of niacin because it gives all the benefits of niacin without the negative effects.  He states that in the absence of a heart ailment or as a general preventative supplement you will do fine by taking 100-500mg per day.

University of Maryland on Nicotinic Acid

Warnings:  Sustained release niacin should not be used due to greater toxicity of the liver.

 Niacin therapy should be avoided in patients with active peptic ulcer disease, hepatic insufficiency or a history of liver disease, or recent history of acute gout. Niacin may raise blood sugar in diabetics.

Side Effects: In addition to flushing (a harmless side effect of tingling, itching and warmth that flows over the skin) and hepatotoxicity, niacin has been associated with gastrointestinal (GI) complaints, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain; activation of peptic ulcer disease; hyperuricemia and gout; hyperglycemia (high blood sugar); and acanthosis nigricans. ¹
 "Tolerance to the flushing effects of niacin frequently develops with continued use... Other precautionary steps include slowly titrating the dose of niacin upward, taking the niacin dose with food, and avoiding spicy foods, hot beverages, and/or hot showers close to taking a dose. ¹  There are many niacin products that remove the flushing symptom so you may want to use a no-flush niacin.

It is recommended that one take a balanced B supplement if supplementing with individual B vitamins.  Taking one without balancing with others can cause imbalances.

Olive Oil - Cooking foods with
*Sal-Free^TM
If you need to avoid salicylates, cooking with this oil is not a problem but do not use it externally or without food.  We discussed the issue of supplement label VS food label and a manufacturer and they said that the same product can be labeled either as a supplement or a food depending on the preference of the manufacturer.

**For those following the strict salicylate rulings of Dr. St. Amand:  any oil that has a supplement label rather than a food label is not approved for use of any kind, even cooking.  They feel that the supplement label indicates that the product is to be used for medicinal purposes and thus will be more concentrated and not appropriate for the guaifenesin protocol.

Olive oil lowers LDL (the bad cholesterol) when it replaces saturated fats in the diet.

In one study, plasma total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol decreased significantly after 6 weeks of dietary supplementation of 2 tablespoons dalily of extra virgin olive oil. ²¹

Pantethine
*Sal-Free^TM
Pantethine is the biologically active form of pantothenic acid (B5) and is the precurser to co-enzyme A.  Pantethine is made in the body from patothenic acid.

Several studies have found that pantethine (not pantothenic acid) 300 mg taken 2-4 times per day lowers LDL (bad cholesterol) and increases HDL (good cholesterol).^{3, 4, 5}  In one study, a significant decrease of total cholesterol and total phospholipids was observed after a  twenty-eight-day treatment. ⁶   There is some evidence that pantethine might lower triglycerides but the results of several small studies have been inconclusive.

The authors of one study concluded that pantethine is a valid therapeutic option for patients with dyslipidemia not amenable to satisfactory correction of blood lipids by diet alone. ⁷

Other benefits
Improves brain function, improvement of fatty liver and an increased overall energy level.  Also beneficial for blood sugar control.

Works as an anti-inflammatory for conditions such as arthritis, allergies, lupus and psoriasis,   Helps the adrenal glands and increases omega-3 fatty acids in the body.

It is recommended that one take a balanced B supplement if supplementing with individual B vitamins.  Taking one without balancing with others can cause imbalances.

Phosphatidyl Choline (PC)
*Sal-Free^TM
Phosphatidyl choline (PC) is one of the primary elements of lecithin.  Supplements labeled as lecithin usually contain 10-20% PC.  When medical researchers refer to lecithin, they are talking about phosphatidyl Choline.

Lecithin is a fat emulsifier, it breaks down fats and allows them to be digested better.  It helps cholesterol and triglycerides remain fluid and less likely to build up along artery walls.  It has been shown to improve the ratio between the LDL (bad cholesterol) and HDL (good cholesterol) and to lower the LDL.

Lecithin was studied in patients with elevated cholesterol and elevated triglycerides. Those who took soya lecithin daily for three months reduced their total cholesterol and triglycerides, and increased their HDL-cholesterol, the "good" cholesterol.¹²

Other uses:
For more information, see the article on Phosphatidyl Choline
High homocysteine
Liver disorders
Tardive dyskinesia
Alzheimer’s disease
Bipolar disorder
Gallbladder attacks
Hepatitis
Heart Support

Policosanol
*Sal-Free^TM
Policosanol is derived from the waxy portion of sugar cane.  There are mixed studies on whether it is effective in reducing bad cholesterol.  Policosanol may work similarly and therefore compete in the marketplace with Statin drugs.

Many Cuban studies show positive results but often U.S. Studies do not.  One U.S. double blind, 3 year study found that policosanol lowered :LDL by 31.8 % and TC 20.1 %, while markedly raising  HDL 24.6 %, all with almost no side effects.  According to the study, policosanol was very well tolerated.⁹  .

Psyllium
*Sal-Free^TM
Fiber from various sources, including psyllium lowers cholesterol levels in most studies.

Reishi
Note:  Not Sal-Free^TM
Reishi is a mushroom that has been shown to help decrease triglycerides. 

Red Yeast Rice
*Sal-Free^TM
Red Yeast Rice is made through fermentation of rice with yeast.  It has been used for centuries in China as both a coloring and flavor enhancer for food and as an herbal supplement for indigestion, diarrhea and other health issues. 

Red Yeast Rice extract contains statins which are the class of drugs mentioned in the first few paragraphs of this article and are typically drugs that are prescribed by a physician to lower cholesterol.  Statins are thought to deplete Co-Q 10.  If you take this supplement, you might consider using Co-Q 10 along with it in order to avoid any unwanted side effects. 

The first Red Yeast Rice product released in the U.S. for cholesterol control used a proprietary process that yielded a high percentage of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins).  In 1998,  the FDA banned this proprietary product because they considered it to be of drug strength and not acceptable as an over the counter product.  The Red Yeast Rice products that are allowed to be sold over the counter today do not have the high percentage of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors that existed in the proprietary product and thus are allowed to be sold over the counter.

A study using the proprietary, now banned, red rice yeast product, demonstrated the effectiveness of red yeast rice in it's ability to lower cholesterol.  ²⁷

Peninsula Medical School at the Universities of Exeter and Plymouth in the UK conducted a review of the clinical evidence for herbal products in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. They concluded that Red Yeast Rice (along with others) have potential hypocholesterolemic activity and an encouraging safety profile but that further study was needed to establish their value in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.  This review does not mention whether the red yeast rice used in the studies they reviewed is the proprietary product that was banned due to it's higher statin content or not.   ²⁶

Red Yeast is considered non-pathogenic, meaning that it is a yeast that does not cause the same type of problems as Candida Albicans or what is thought of as a yeast infection.  However, anyone who has a yeast infection or a compromised immune system should consider this information:
Species identification and virulence attributes of Saccharomyces boulardii (nom. inval.).

Other links of interest about Red Rice Yeast
Possible Interactions with: Red Yeast Rice

PDR - Red Yeast Rice

Warnings:
Do not take if you are pregnant or nursing. Red Yeast  Rice should not to be used by anyone under 20 years of age. Consult with your physician before using this product if you are taking any medication, or if you are under physician supervision.


TMG (trimethylglycine)
*Sal-Free^TM
**For those following the strict salicylate rulings of Dr. St. Amand:  ask them for their ruling on this ingredient.
TMG is also known as anhydrous betaine, and is found in a variety of plant and animal sources.  It is used in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine. Homocysteine is a toxic amino acid with a dangerous independent risk factor for heart disease among other illnesses.

Rabbits with atherosclerosis were given TMG It was shown to reduce the elevated content of total and ester-bound cholesterol, beta-lipoproteins, total lipids in the blood serum and that of total cholesterol and triglycerides in the liver.²³  A human study showed that total cholesterol and LDL increased slightly when using betaine.²⁴  More studies need to be conducted to determine if this supplement will be effective for improving lipid profiles however it is likely to be beneficial to heart health due to it's ability to lower homocysteine levels.

Other uses:
Protects Liver cells from damage
Used as a digestive aid for those with low hydrochloric acid

Side Effects
If taken in high dosages, such as more than 750 mg, can cause nausea, restlessness and insomnia.

Vanadium And Vanadyl Sulfate
*Sal-Free^TM
Vanadium is a trace mineral that inhibits cholesterol synthesis.  It lowers LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

Recent studies suggest that bis oxovanadium (BMOV) a more easily absorbed form of vanadyl sulfate, possesses about twice the biological activity of vanadyl sulfate.

Other benefits:
Improves insulin utilization, resulting in improved glucose tolerance.  Animal studies suggest that vanadyl sulfate may help lower blood pressure in those with high blood pressure.   May be helpful in inhibiting certain cancers.  Needed in the formation of bones and teeth.

Some body builders report that vanadyl sulfate has made their muscles bigger, harder, and more dense, and endurance athletes say that it has helped them run longer and faster.  More studies are needed to verify these effects.

A vanadium deficiency may be linked to cardiovascular and kidney disease, impaired reproductive ability and increased infant mortality.²⁵

Warnings:
There may be an interaction between vanadium and chromium.  If you supplement with both, take them at different times.  Tobacco decreases the uptake of vanadium.

Very high doses (over 100 mg per day) may cause kidney problems.  High blood levels have been linked to manic-depressive mental disorders.

Virgin Coconut Oil
Cooking foods with
*Sal-Free^TM
If you need to avoid salicylates, cooking with this oil is not a problem but do not use it externally or without food.  We discussed the issue of supplement label VS food label and a manufacturer and they said that the same product can be labeled either as a supplement or a food depending on the preference of the manufacturer.

**For those following the strict salicylate rulings of Dr. St. Amand:  any oil that has a supplement label rather than a food label is not approved for use of any kind, even cooking.  They feel that the supplement label indicates that the product is to be used for medicinal purposes and thus will be more concentrated and not appropriate for the guaifenesin protocol.
Coconut oil has large quantities of lauric and myristic acids, both of which increase HDL cholesterol (the good cholesterol).

Researchers in the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Kerala in India conducted a study to determine the effect of consumption of virgin coconut oil (VCO) on various lipid parameters in comparison with copra oil.  They determined that VCO has a potential beneficiary effect in lowering lipid levels in serum and tissues and LDL oxidation by physiological oxidants.¹⁰

Wild yam
Note:  Not Sal-Free^TM
Wild yam has been shown to raise HDL (the good cholesterol)

 

References
1. Michael Miller, MD, "Niacin as a Component of Combination Therapy for Dyslipidemia", Mayo Clin Proc. 2003;78:735-742
Mayo Clinic Proceedings abstract

2. O'Keefe J.H., Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 1995; 70:69-79

3. Galcone, F, Scalbrino A, Giuntoli F, et al.  "The lipid-lowering effect of pantethine in hyperlipidemic patients: A clinical investigation".  Curr Ther Res 1983, 34:383-90

4. Miccoli R, Marchetti P, Sampietro T, et al, "Effects of pantethine on Lipids and apolipoproteins in hypercholesterolemic diabetic and non diabetic patients" Curr Ther Res 1984;36:545-49.

5. Avogaro P, Bon B, Fusello M., "Effect of pantithene on lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in man" Curr Ther Res 1983;33:488-93.

6. Prisco D, Rogasi PG, Matucci M, Paniccia R, Abbate R, Gensini GF, Neri Serneri GG, "Effect of oral treatment with pantethine on platelet and plasma phospholipids in IIa hyperlipoproteinemia.Angiology." 1987 Mar;38(3):241-7
Entrez PubMed Abstract

7.  Arsenio L, Bodria P, Magnati G, Strata A, Trovato R., "Effectiveness of long-term treatment with pantethine in patients with dyslipidemia", Clin Ther. 1986;8(5):537-45
Entrez PubMed Abstract

8.Ausar SF, Morcillo M, Leon AE, Ribotta PD, Masih R, Vilaro Mainero M, Amigone JL, Rubin G, Lescano C, Castagna LF, Beltramo DM, Diaz G, Bianco ID.   "Improvement of HDL- and LDL-cholesterol levels in diabetic subjects by feeding bread containing chitosan", J Med Food. 2003 Winter;6(4):397-9
Entrez PubMed Abstract

9. Mas R, Castano G, Fernandez J, Gamez R, Illnait J, Fernandez L, Lopez E, Mesa M, Alvarez E, Mendoza S. "Long-term effects of policosanol on obese patients with Type II Hypercholesterolemia.", Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2004;13(Suppl):S102
Entrez PubMed Abstract

10. Nevin KG, Rajamohan T., "Beneficial effects of virgin coconut oil on lipid parameters and in vitro LDL oxidation"  Clin Biochem. 2004 Sep;37(9):830-5
Entrez PubMed Abstract

11.  Muller H, Lindman AS, Brantsaeter AL, Pedersen JI., "The serum LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio is influenced more favorably by exchanging saturated with unsaturated fat than by reducing saturated fat in the diet of women.", J Nutr. 2003 Jan;133(1):78-83
Entrez PubMed Abstract

12. Brook JG, Linn S, Aviram M., "Dietary soya lecithin decreases plasma triglyceride levels and inhibits collagen- and ADP-induced platelet aggregation.", Biochem Med Metab Biol. 1986 Feb;35(1):31-9.
Entrez PubMed Abstract

13. Haglund O et al.  "The effects of fish oil on triglycerides, cholesterol, fibrinogen and malondialdehyde in humans supplemented with vitamin E.", J Nutr 1991; 121:165-69.

14.Yacowitz H, Fleischman Al, Bierenbaum ML, "Effects of oral calcium upon serum lipids in man" BMJ 1965;1:1352-54;

15.Bell L, Halstenson CE, Halstenson CJ, et al. "Cholesterol-lowering effects of calcium carbonate in patients with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia."  Arch Intern Med 1992;152:2441-44.
Entrez PubMed Abstract


16.Press RI, Geller J, Evans GW, "The effect of chromium picolinate on serum cholesterol and apolipoprotein fractions in human subjects.". West j Med 1990; 152:41-45
Entrez PubMed abstract

17.Roeback JR Jr, Hla KM, Chambless LE, Fletcher RH, ."Effects of chromium supplementation on serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in men taking beta-blockers. A randomized, controlled trial". .Ann Intern Med. 1991 Dec 15;115(12):917-24
Entrez PubMed abstract

18.  Rabinovitz H, Friedensohn A, Leibovitz A, Gabay G, Rocas C, Habot B., "Effect of chromium supplementation on blood glucose and lipid levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus elderly patients.", Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2004 May;74(3):178-82
Entrez PubMed abstract

19. Wuolijoki E, Hirvela T, Ylitalo P.,"Decrease in serum LDL cholesterol with microcrystalline chitosan", Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 1999 Jun;21(5):357-61
Entrez PubMed Abstract

20.Metso S, Ylitalo R, Nikkila M, Wuolijoki E, Ylitalo P, Lehtimaki T., "The effect of long-term microcrystalline chitosan therapy on plasma lipids and glucose concentrations in subjects with increased plasma total cholesterol: a randomised placebo-controlled double-blind crossover trial in healthy men and women.", Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Dec;59(10):741-6. Epub 2003 Nov 07.
Entrez PubMed Abstract

21.  Nagyova A, Haban P, Klvanova J, Kadrabova J., "Effects of dietary extra virgin olive oil on serum lipid resistance to oxidation and fatty acid composition in elderly lipidemic patients.", Bratisl Lek Listy. 2003;104(7-8):218-21.
Entrez PubMed Abstract

22. Nawarskas JJ., "HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors and Coenzyme Q10", Cardiol Rev. 2005 Mar-Apr;13(2):76-9
Entrez PubMed Abstract

23. Panteleimonova TN, Zapadniuk VI., "Effect of trimethylglycine on lipid metabolism in experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits", Farmakol Toksikol. 1983 Jul-Aug;46(4):83-5
Entrez PubMed

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