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Phosphatidylcholine Metabolism
A book for researchers and students

Alternative Medicine Review: Phosphatidylcholine - Monograph


Phosphatidyl Choline
 
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Jarrow Formulas Mega PC-35
Sal-FreeTM
Ingredients - Choline (from 35% PC lecithin) 114 mg 21%, Lecithin 2400 mg *, Phosphatidylcholine 840 mg *, Phosphatidylethanolamine 120 mg *
*Daily value not established.
Other ingredients: Softgel consists of gelatin, glycerin and water.

Phosphatidyl Choline is a purified extract of lecithin.  Supplements labeled as lecithin usually contain 10-20% Phosphatidyl Choline.  When medical researchers refer to lecithin, they are talking about Phosphatidyl Choline.

Phosphatidyl Choline is the major fat in our cell membranes and acts as a supplier of choline.  Choline is needed for cell membrane integrity and to facilitate the movement of fats in and out of cells.  It is also a component of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine which is why it is the subject of study for a wide range of neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Phosphatidyl choline helps to break down fats.  It is reported to be helpful in preventing hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis) due to fatty plaques in the blood vessels,
cholesterol, heart disease, gallstones, liver problems (including hepatitis), neurological disorders, memory loss and depression, high homocysteine levels, tardive dyskinesia, alzheimer’s disease, Bipolar disorder and eczema.

Phosphatidyl Choline is a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and PUFA's are known to have many positive effects on health.
 

 
 Eczema
A cream prepared with witch hazel (not sal-freeTM) and Phosphatidyl Choline is as effective as hydrocortisone in the topical  management of eczema.1

 Gallstones
 A low lecithin concentration in the bile may be a causative factor for many individuals with gallstones.2

Gastrointestinal Protection
Phosphatidyl choline is a main component of the gastric mucosal barrier. Animal studies indicate that Phosphatidyl choline helps protect against the adverse GI effects of aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs without blocking their efficacy.3,4,5   It may also afford some protection for those who have esophogeal reflux from the damage of excess acid on the esophogeal lining.

Heart Disease
Phosphatidyl choline preserves the blood levels of carnitine, one of the body's most essential heart nutrients. 

Phosphatidyl choline is a fat emulsifier, breaking down fats and allowing them to be digested better. It helps cholesterol and triglycerides remain fluid and less likely to build up along artery walls. It has been shown to improve the ratio between the LDL (bad cholesterol) and HDL (good cholesterol) and to lower the LDL. For more information about cholesterol and phosphatidyl choline, please see:
Cholesterol, Triglycerides and Heart Support - Phosphatidyl Choline

 Liver
A diet low in choline impedes the liver's ability to process fats.  Abnormal fat metabolism causes the liver to accumulate cholesterol and triglycerides, eventually leading to fatty liver disease which can be fatal. 

Dr. Atkins reports that choline supplements can reverse fatty liver entirely.6  He mentions one small study where CAT scans verified that people with fatty liver disease, who took between 1-4 grams of choline chloride daily for 6 weeks, were completely freed of their fatty liver disease.

Phosphatidyl choline has been reported to be effective in preventing hepatic fibrosis in chronically alcohol-fed baboons.

Memory
There is no scientific agreement on the use of phoshphatidyl choline for Alzhiemers Disease.  Several studies have not proven it to be helpful but there is controversy about the way the studies were conducted.  According to Dr. Atkins, memory enhancement is more obvious in people without alzhiemers disease.  He mentions one study in which considerable short term memory improvement was seen in healthy adults when given 10 grams of choline chloride.6,7

 Nutrition for the Nerves
Choline is found in breast milk. Infants need it for the production of myelin, the protective coating around nerves and brain cells

Warnings and side effects:
Those with manic-depressive disorder should not take large amounts.  At several grams per day some people will experience abdominal discomfort, diarrhea or nausea.

Choline (without the phosphatidyl group) is available by itself in supplements, but taken in high doses (1 gram or more per day)  it can make one smell like fish.

Interactions with other nutrients
Pantothenic acid and phosphatidyl choline are both used by the body to make acetylcholine.

Food sources:
Soybeans, liver, oatmeal, cabbage, cauliflower, egg yolks, meat and some vegetables.  Lecithin (contains 10-20%) PC is added to some processed foods in small amounts for the purpose of maintaining texture.

 


References
1. Laux P, Oschmann R, Witch Hazel:Hamaelis Virgincia L. Zeitschrift Phytoher, 1993 14:155-66

2. Encylopedia of Natural Medicine by Michael Murray, N.D. and Joseph Pizzorno, N.D.

3. Dunjic BS, Axelson J, Ar'Rajab A, Larsson K, Bengmark S.
"Gastroprotective capability of exogenous phosphatidylcholine in experimentally induced chronic gastric ulcers in rats", Scand J Gastroenterol. 1993 Jan;28(1):89-94.
Entrez PubMed

4.  Leyck S, Dereu N, Etschenberg E, Ghyczy M, Graf E, Winkelmann J, Parnham MJ., "Improvement of the gastric tolerance of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by polyene phosphatidylcholine (Phospholipon 100).", Eur J Pharmacol. 1985 Oct 29;117(1):35-42.
Entrez PubMed

5. Swarm RA, Ashley SW, Soybel DI, Ordway FS, Cheung LY., "Protective effect of exogenous phospholipid on aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury.", Am J Surg. 1987 Jan;153(1):48-53.
Entrez PubMed

6. Robert C. Atkins,  "Dr. Atkins' Vita-Nutrient Solution : Nature's Answer to Drugs"

7. Sitaram N, Weingartner H, Gillin JC, "Human serial learning: enhancement with arecholine and choline impairment with scopolamine.", Science. 1978 Jul 21;201(4352):274-6.
Entrez PubMed

8.Dodson WL, Sachan DS., "Choline supplementation reduces urinary carnitine excretion in humans.", Am J Clin Nutr. 1996 Jun;63(6):904-10.
Entrez PubMed

 


Before taking any supplements, consult with your health care provider. The information presented here is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. We do not accept any responsibility for the use or misuse of any of the information contained herein.

Animal Testing Note: Web Shop Emporium occasionally lists references to studies that have been conducted on animals. We do not condone testing on animals but we feel it is a useless waste of their lives to ignore the health information that has been obtained in the past.  

We subscribe to the position of many, including The Physician's Committee for Responsible Medicine, that there are other, more effective means of ensuring the safety and efficacy of medications and other products

In an effort to help end animal testing, we only list cosmetics and supplements that have been produced by companies that do not use animal testing in their ingredients or products unless it is required by law.

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*Sal-FreeTM and *Sal-SafeTM are trademarked terms and are used with the permission of Tesa Marcon of the Guai-Support Group
 

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